Whittet-Higgins Recommended Threaded Shaft Dimensions - theoretical machinist thread
Hole saws are often tasked with cutting through studs and joists, which are typically pine, spruce or Douglas fir. All of these species contain lots of pitch and resin, which build up on the hole saw’s teeth. This buildup adds friction, slows cutting and increases heat. This excess heat causes the teeth to dull very quickly. Cleaning off the pitch after use greatly extends the life of hole saws. You can buy specially formulated cleaners, such as CMT Formula 2050 Blade & Bit Cleaner ($18 for an 18-ounce bottle) at home centers. Or, do a quick search online to find plenty of homemade solutions.
As a hole saw is cutting, there’s nowhere for the sawdust to effectively exit the kerf. So it gets packed into the teeth, causing slow cutting, heat, burning and premature dulling. Drill a couple of 1/2-in. clearance holes to give the sawdust a way out. To get the clearance holes in the right place, start the pilot bit and let the teeth cut in about 1/16 in. Drill clearance holes through the workpiece, just inside the kerf.
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Plastic processing of metals explores the natural flexibility of metal alloys to shape them in a wanted way. We can divide such for:
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Metal stamping is commonly used to produce thin metal elements, such as sheet metal. Stamping is performed with the help of hydraulic or mechanical presses that provide high pressure for each square centimeter.
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When you’re cutting holes that need to look tidy on both sides, clamp a sacrificial backer board under the workpiece to prevent blowout (splintering on the exit side). If you’re at the drill press, a backer board also serves to protect your drill press table.
Annealing has some similarities to hardening, yet the main difference is the cooling process – the heated part is left to cool down at its natural speed.
On the other hand, we can divide the milling itself into circumferential and face milling (due to the orientation of the cutting surface in the process) and opposite and concurrent milling (due to the orientation of the machined object).
Thermal processing (often called "heat treatment") is focused mainly on giving features and properties – mainly as a result of changing alloy structure. Among the thermal processing of metal, it is worth mentioning:
A quality hole saw kit costs $50 to $200, depending on the number of hole saw sizes and the type of teeth (bimetal, carbide or diamond; bimetal teeth are sufficient for most work). If you can’t afford to buy the whole kit at once, don’t worry. Most manufacturers sell individual hole saws and arbors. Build your kit one saw at a time as needed, sticking with one brand so you can use the dedicated arbor for new hole saws. That way, you won’t end up with odd-sized hole saws that you’ll never use.
Turning, as one of the milling processes, works on the principle of removing excess material from the rotating object (attached to the leaf's holder) by a specialized turning blade (tool bit or drill).
When possible, drill from both sides. This does two things. First, it helps prevent blowout. Second, you don’t end up with the cutout plug stuck in the hole cylinder. Start cutting from one side, stopping as soon as the pilot bit comes out the other side. Next, insert the pilot bit in the hole on the other side of the workpiece and finish the cut with the hole saw.
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For holes one inch in diameter or less, a spade, auger or Forstner bit is a better choice than a hole saw. These bits are far less likely to catch and twist your arm, and there’s no plug to pry out, just wood shavings. So start building your hole saw kit with sizes that are larger than one inch.
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Grinding is usually seen as one of the final steps for the part machining – it can smoothen the surface, but also removes smaller amounts of the material.
It is worth mentioning, that milling (especially made by computer numerical control) allows the production of elements of almost any shape and form.
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A thermo-chemical and chemical treatment of metal is a group of processes focused on giving the object desired set of characteristics by the influence of chemical substances and/or high temperature.
Chemical treatment of metal is used to change the physical and chemical characteristics of a steel surface. It can be for example nickel plating, the process that creates a coat of nickel on the surface of a part.
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On the other hand, forging metal, in addition to shaping, changes the internal structure of the object and gives additional (often: wanted) features such as higher rigidity or mechanical resistance.
It is worth mentioning – processes, that we see as "metal machining” can be performed by hand-controlled tools (eg. automatic leaf) or controlled by the computer (then called "CNC machining”).
Metal bending (eg. pipes of metal profiles) is commonly used as a process for shaping parts for pipe construction (like scaffolding). The great advantage of that process, especially cold bending, is simplicity and ease – it is not required to use any types of additional tools, just sheer force.
Hardening is a commonly recognized form of thermal processing of metal. It betters the physical characteristics of the element as a result of the fast cooling of heated-up elements, eg. by converting it to cold water or oil.
There are many types of machining – the main difference between them is based on the type of processed material (eg. during milling it is usually a block of metal alloy) and technology characteristics (eg. milling removes material way more effectively than plastic machining). And of course: the type of tool used to machine and cut metal. What are the types of metal milling and what possibilities do they present?
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It is commonly agreed that metal machined plastically in hot is less fragile than one shaped in cold. On the other hand, – cold shaping can provide better hardness and overall rigidity of the object
A good hole saw kit is a staple in every pro's arsenal. Check out these great tips to drill faster, cleaner and safer with your hole saws.
A cheap kit might seem like a great deal, but you get what you pay for. The hole saw teeth dull very quickly and the saws are often shallow, limiting the thickness of the material you can drill through. Go for a higher quality option if you can.
Whenever it’s an option, use a hole saw in a drill press. A drill press ensures that the hole is straight and enables you to clamp the workpiece down securely. The drill press’s handle gives you total control over the pressure you’re applying, and you can easily adjust the drill press to run at the proper speed.
In addition – a well-prepared surface can speed up the whole manufacturing process. For example, additional chemicals, thermal (such as aluminum anodizing), or other processes are easier to perform on well-machined parts.
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The overall characteristics of metal machining can be described well by its alternative name: removal treatment. The whole process focuses on removing extended material till the part gains its desired shape and form. Currently, we can point to three main types of metal machining:
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Machining metal parts shape blocks of raw material by removing material – for example, milling machines use cutters to cut material. Due to the vast variety of tools, contemporary milling machines can remove big amounts of material on short notice).
Although you’ll often use a hole saw in a handheld drill, sawing large holes is a tough job, so use your most powerful drill. Besides power, the drill should have an auxiliary handle, as hole saws don’t act like drill bits. They have a tendency to “catch,” giving your wrist a nasty twist. It can even yank the drill right out of your hand while the spinning drill handle crashes into anything in its path. An auxiliary handle lessens the chance of losing your grip.
CNC machining is a very popular way of shaping and machining metal elements – due to high precision, low tolerance, and ease of mass production.
Like any other cutting tool, a hole saw will get dull with use. If your hole saw cuts slowly or starts to smoke, it’s likely dull and needs replacing. If you’re adept at sharpening, you can give it a shot, but a new hole saw makes life much easier.
On the other hand – term-chemical treatment is a much more complicated process, that allows getting a more wear-resistance surface of the element with different properties. It is a result of combining thermal processing, used as an accelerator for the chemical processes.
Metal machining is a process of shaping elements made of alloys, modification of their dimensions, and sometimes: also properties. The goal of such a process is a production of an element that has the desired size and shape.
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Such metal machining can be divided due to the orientation of the blade (in other words: the side of the machined object) for external turning (most current – blade moves on a special fence) or internal (sometimes called "boring” – the blade moves inside the turned object).
Force directed to the object allows it to change its shape and the process temperature has an impact on the final features of the shaped part.
Each of these metal machining processes has a different usage and can be utilized during the whole manufacturing process (eg. machined parts are subjected to the process of annealing).
When you need to drill a hole bigger than an inch in diameter or so, a hole saw is the right tool for the job. However, hole saws have a well-deserved reputation for being no fun to use. If the prospect of using one conjures memories of an ice pack on your wrist and the smell of burning wood, relax and read on.
Thermal, chemical, or thermo-chemical metal processing is focused on giving an object additional and predefined features. It can be annealing, which gives a processed metal part better hardness and rigidity, or anodization, which improves surface finish (typically: aluminum).